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From medieval times until the mid-1800s, it was generally accepted that the illnesses were caused and spread corruption through the air or "miasma". This belief probably arose because of the bad smells associated with the disease and lack hygiene common to that era. When it came to prevention or treatment of these diseases, a lack of knowledge of modern science or medicine meant that people had only the beliefs and practices of their ancestors to be proud. While some of them, mostly based on plants, cures have since been found to be effective (eg absinthe for stomach and lung for respiratory problems) most were totally ineffective when the Black Death swept Europe in the 1300s.

The most common form of plague was bubonic plague, characterized by the appearance of black buboes in the groin, neck and armpits, which oozed pus and blood, together fever, headache, pain in aching joints, nausea and vomiting. It was highly contagious and often fatal. The Black Death was universally feared - it spread ferociously fast, and death can occur within a couple hours of symptom onset. Between 14th and 17th centuries, Europe has suffered a series of attacks of the plague, and the consequences were enormous. Between 1348 and 1350 only, Black Death is estimated to have killed between one and two-thirds of the population of Europe.

The fever was associated with a characteristic odor - The enormous number of victims as well as mortality rates fast and high associated with the plague that would have resulted in an extremely strong odor. This reinforced in the minds of most people the idea that the disease was carried in the contaminated air. Among the most obvious remedies that have been proposed, therefore, were those based on the flavors - the aim was to counter the bad air with odorants that was thought to have the power to overcome the harmful effects odors. Herbs and spices were the most popular, though generally all that smelled was considered useful.

Those who could afford to burn a variety of herbs - such as rosemary, juniper, laurel, pine and beech - in their homes, to help remove odors and purify the air. Camphor and sulfur were also thought to be effective. fragrant herbs such as lavender, sage, thyme, savory and meadowsweet, have been dried and scattered on the floor, Sew in cloth bags or carried in small bunches. Wipes impregnated with aromatic oils such as camphor, rosemary or bay, which were used to cover the face leaving were a more expensive option. Vinegar was also thought to be an effective deterrent.

Even the richest people could afford pomanders. He was pierced metal boxes containing the resin or wax embedded with a multitude costly aromatic spices, including nutmeg, cinnamon and cloves. Attire for the nose, the PERC has to escape the smell, therefore (in principle) by offering the Homeowner's Protection of plague in the air. The attractions of aromatic spices, nutmeg, cinnamon and cloves are perhaps obvious, but ambergris, a waxy secretion of the intestinal tract of the sperm whale, was also used in sweet potatoes. Also unlikely as it may seem, ambergris has a pleasant sweet and is still used today by the perfume industry. Only very rich could afford to make pomanders ambergris, and were considered more powerful against the scourge of other apples Sweet.

In the Elizabethan era there are reports of many cures for the plague here are two of those based on medicinal plants ...

"Take yarrow, tansy, featherfew, each a handful, and the blues well together, while the party ill make water in the grass, then drain them, and give the patient to drink. "(The belief that eating Your own urine is a panacea for all ills is a relatively common one today.)

"Take sage, rue, briar leaves, elder leaves, a handful of each, postage and drain with a pint white wine, and put it a little ginger and a dollop of the best molasses, and drink his morning and evening. "

Although the remedies available at this time were totally ineffective in the treatment of persons who developed fever, it is possible that some may quite strangely, were actually of some use in preventing the spread of plague. Wormwood, rosemary, chamomile and tansy in in particular, are now recognized for their properties repel fleas (because absinthe was used as a deterrent against the chips during the plague years) - and fleas and rats that carried them are now generally was responsible for the production and dissemination of this disease devastating.

Sources

• en.wikipedia.org / wiki / Miasma_theory_of_disease
• channel4.com/history/microsites/H/history/guide12/part06.html
• %% cosmos.ucdavis.edu/2005/Cluster 207/Ramya 20Kandasamy.pdf
• earthspirits-herbals.com/fyi/winter05.htm
• the-orb.net/textbooks/westciv/blackdeath.html
• gallowglass.org / Jadwiga / herbs / scents.html
• historical.hsl.virginia.edu/plague/mckeithen2.cfm
• en.wikipedia.org / wiki / Black_Death
• prizedwriting.ucdavis.edu/past/2002-2003/rosa.htm
• ije.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/31/6/1280
• william-shakespeare.info/bubonic-black-plague-elizabethan-era.htm
• history.boisestate.edu/westciv/plague/10.shtml
• everything2.com/index.pl? node =% Black 20Plague
• en.wikipedia.org / wiki / Medieval_medicine
• internetshakespeare.uvic.ca / Library / SLT / company / plague.html
• en.wikipedia.org / wiki / Health_and_diet_in_Elizabethan_England

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